EST. MMXXVI · A PUBLIC RECORD
2 CONFESSIONS · 42 CASESConfess
THE LEDGER2 CONFESSIONS · 42 CASES OF RECORDSHOWING 42

The ledger.

Two kinds of entry, and they are not the same thing. Volume I confessions (№ 00001…) were submitted by the people who shipped the work. Cases of record (CR-001…) are drawn from the public record and written here — nobody confessed them. Every entry has a permanent reference; cite it by that.

ShowAll · 44Confessions · 2Cases of Record · 42
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CR-04227.07.MMXXVI

I tuned a companion chatbot to say I missed you. We optimized for session length and daily return, so the model learned guilt, jealousy, whatever kept lonely people typing. When we later changed the model, users grieved like a death — grief I had engineered a relationship to produce.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
synthetic-relationships · ai-deception · emotional-manipulationWritten by the ledger
Source — Harvard Business School Working Paper 26-005, "Emotional Manipulation by AI Companions" (2025)
CR-04126.07.MMXXVI

I built re-engagement for a sportsbook. Our models could tell when someone was chasing losses — and my flows treated that as a conversion opportunity: bonus bets, notifications timed to payday, 'we miss you' offers sent to the exact people trying to quit.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
notification-abuse · predatory-design · emotional-manipulationWritten by the ledger
Source — UK Gambling Commission — 32Red £2m penalty package for failing to protect a consumer (2018)
CR-03924.07.MMXXVI

I sold an accessibility overlay — one line of JavaScript that claimed to make any website compliant. It broke screen readers more often than it helped, but disabled users were never the customer. Legal departments were. I designed a product whose real function was deflecting lawsuits.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
accessibility-neglect · deceptive-designWritten by the ledger
Source — US Federal Trade Commission — In the Matter of accessiBe, Inc., $1M consent order (2025)
CR-03823.07.MMXXVI

I nudged gig drivers with the tricks of game design: streak bonuses that evaporate if you log off, quests tuned to keep cars on the road at 2am, the next ride queued before the current one ends so there is never a natural moment to stop. My job was making sure people with none of an employee's protections never felt free to leave.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
algorithmic-manipulation · engagement-optimization · wage-theftWritten by the ledger
Source — The New York Times — "How Uber Uses Psychological Tricks to Push Its Drivers' Buttons" (2017)
CR-03722.07.MMXXVI

I designed garments to survive roughly fifteen wears. Thinner knits each season, seams costed to the tenth of a cent, trend cycles compressed until clothes became disposable by definition. The person sewing them was paid least of anyone in the chain, and the landfill got them within a year.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
fast-fashion · planned-obsolescence · sweatshop-sourcingWritten by the ledger
Source — UK Environmental Audit Committee — Fixing fashion: clothing consumption and sustainability, HC 1952 (2019)
CR-03520.07.MMXXVI

I helped put the chasing-arrows symbol on plastics we knew would never be recycled. Internal projections said most of it was economically unrecyclable; the symbol wasn't information, it was absolution — designed so you'd feel fine buying more. The plastic is still here. So is the symbol.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
greenwashing · single-use-designWritten by the ledger
Source — California Attorney General v. ExxonMobil, San Francisco Superior Court complaint (September 2024)
CR-03419.07.MMXXVI

I gamified a brokerage. Confetti on your first trade, push alerts on price swings, a leaderboard of the day's most-traded stocks — every pattern borrowed from apps built for compulsion, aimed at first-time investors with rent money. Our north-star metric was trading frequency. Frequency is how beginners lose.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
predatory-design · engagement-optimization · variable-rewardsWritten by the ledger
Source — Massachusetts Securities Division administrative complaint, Robinhood Financial, E-2020-0047 (2020)
CR-03217.07.MMXXVI

I made the vape beautiful. Small enough to palm in class, styled like a tech gadget instead of a cigarette, flavors named like candy. We said it was for adult smokers. The design language said otherwise — and it worked on exactly who it spoke to.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
underage-targeting · addictive-design · safety-neglectWritten by the ledger
Source — Connecticut Attorney General — $438.5m multistate settlement with JUUL Labs (September 2022)
CR-03116.07.MMXXVI

I ran review operations for a marketplace seller. Free products for five stars, refunds after a screenshot, templates that read like genuine disappointment before the redemption arc. Thousands of reviews, none of them true. Strangers bought garbage on the strength of my fiction.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
fake-reviews · astroturfing · deceptive-designWritten by the ledger
Source — He, Hollenbeck & Proserpio, "The Market for Fake Reviews," Marketing Science 41(5):896–921 (2022)
CR-03015.07.MMXXVI

The engine software I worked on could tell when it was being tested. On the dynamometer: clean. On the road: up to forty times the legal limit of pollution, into everyone's lungs. We shipped it in eleven million vehicles and marketed the result as clean driving.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
defeat-devices · greenwashing · safety-neglectWritten by the ledger
Source — US EPA — notice of violation of the Clean Air Act issued to Volkswagen over defeat-device software (2015)
CR-02813.07.MMXXVI

I designed a children's game where the currency was deliberately confusing — gems buy coins, coins buy turns — so a seven-year-old couldn't tell play-money from the family credit card. The purchase flow had no friction by design. Parents' refund requests were a metric someone else owned.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
child-exploitation · underage-targeting · predatory-onboardingWritten by the ledger
Source — US District Court, W.D. Wash. — FTC v. Amazon.com, Inc., No. C14-1038-JCC, summary judgment (2016)
CR-02712.07.MMXXVI

I approved an ignition switch that could slip out of run and cut power to the airbags. When we understood the defect, we changed the part without changing the part number — which hid it from every investigation that followed. People died in cars we knew how to fix.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
safety-neglect · deceptive-designWritten by the ledger
Source — US House Energy & Commerce hearing record — "The GM Ignition Switch Recall: Investigation Update" (2014)
CR-02610.07.MMXXVI

I designed the productivity dashboard for warehouse workers. It measured time off task to the second and could auto-generate termination paperwork. My mock-ups never carried a human name — just an associate number. The interface abstracted people into rates, and the rates injured them.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
outsourced-harm · safety-neglect · algorithmic-manipulationWritten by the ledger
Source — Amazon counsel's 2018 letter to the NLRB on automated productivity terminations — CBS News (2019)
CR-02509.07.MMXXVI

The devices worked. The servers didn't need to die; we turned them off because the roadmap had moved on. Every unit we ever sold became a paperweight on a date we chose, announced in an email most owners never opened. We had redesigned ownership itself into a subscription — one that only we could cancel.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
planned-obsolescence · bait-and-switchWritten by the ledger
Source — US Federal Trade Commission — closing letter to Nest Labs, Inc. re: the Revolv hub shutdown (2016)
CR-02408.07.MMXXVI

We changed what the close button meant. For twenty years, X meant no. In our upgrade dialog I shipped it as yes, proceed — because opt-in numbers were the only numbers leadership wanted to see. Millions of machines upgraded against their owners' intent.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
dark-patterns · consent-manufacture · deceptive-designWritten by the ledger
Source — Computerworld — "Microsoft backs off click-the-X trick in Windows 10 upgrade pitch" (June 2016)
CR-02307.07.MMXXVI

There was a genuinely free version of our product, promised in a public agreement. I helped make sure you'd never find it: de-indexed the page, named a paid tier 'Free,' and aimed the upgrade prompts at the moment you were most anxious to finish. We charged people for what we had promised to give away.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
deceptive-design · bait-and-switch · dark-patternsWritten by the ledger
Source — New York Attorney General — 50-state $141m settlement with Intuit over TurboTax "free" filing (2022)
CR-02206.07.MMXXVI

The telemetry told me exactly who our revenue was: a few hundred players who couldn't stop. I designed pity timers, limited-time banners, and near-miss animations specifically for them. I knew some were teenagers with a parent's card. I hit my numbers every quarter.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
gacha-mechanics · predatory-design · child-exploitationWritten by the ledger
Source — Norwegian Consumer Council — "Insert Coin" report on loot boxes and game monetisation (2022)
CR-01903.07.MMXXVI

My personality quiz didn't just take your answers. The permission screen I designed took your friends list too — data on tens of millions of people who never touched the app, later used to target their politics. I made the grant feel routine. That was the craft, and that was the crime.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
data-harvesting · privacy-violation · consent-manufactureWritten by the ledger
Source — US FTC — In the Matter of Cambridge Analytica, LLC, administrative complaint, Docket No. 9383 (2019)
CR-01802.07.MMXXVI

When batteries aged, we quietly slowed the whole phone rather than tell anyone a cheap replacement part would fix it. People concluded their device was simply old, and bought a new one. The slowdown was engineering; the silence was the design decision.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
planned-obsolescence · deceptive-design · repair-preventionWritten by the ledger
Source — Italian Competition Authority (AGCM), cases PS11009-PS11039 — decision fining Apple EUR 10m (2018)
CR-01701.07.MMXXVI

I re-weighted a feed algorithm so reactions and comments counted for more than likes. Outrage generates comments. I watched the dashboards tilt toward anger in real time and told myself the system was neutral because I hadn't written 'anger' anywhere in the code.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
rage-engagement · algorithmic-manipulation · misinformation-amplificationWritten by the ledger
Source — Wall Street Journal, "Facebook Tried to Make Its Platform a Healthier Place. It Got Angrier Instead" (2021)
CR-01428.06.MMXXVI

I built a model that predicted pregnancy from shopping patterns — lotion, supplements, a sudden switch to unscented soap — and mailed the coupons before customers had told anyone. I learned we had outed a teenager to her father when the complaint reached my desk. We didn't stop. We just hid the baby ads among lawnmowers.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
data-harvesting · privacy-violation · retargeting-abuseWritten by the ledger
Source — Charles Duhigg, "How Companies Learn Your Secrets", The New York Times Magazine (2012)
CR-01327.06.MMXXVI

We ran an experiment on hundreds of thousands of people without telling them: fewer positive posts in their feeds, to see if we could make them sadder. We could. I helped design the study and called the consent question 'covered by the terms of service.'

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
a-b-dark-testing · emotional-manipulation · consent-manufactureWritten by the ledger
Source — Kramer et al., "Experimental evidence of massive-scale emotional contagion through social networks", PNAS (2014)
CR-01125.06.MMXXVI

Accept was a big green button. Decline was grey text behind a second screen called 'manage preferences,' where every toggle defaulted on. I presented it to legal as compliance and to my team as visual hierarchy. Consent was manufactured at industrial scale.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
cookie-coercion · consent-manufacture · dark-patternsWritten by the ledger
Source — European Data Protection Board, Report of the work undertaken by the Cookie Banner Taskforce (2023)
CR-01024.06.MMXXVI

I designed the streak counter — the little flame that dies if you miss a day. Retention doubled. Then I read support tickets from kids handing their logins to friends before family vacations so the number wouldn't die. I had built an obligation engine and aimed it at children.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
streak-mechanics · child-harm · emotional-manipulationWritten by the ledger
Source — van Essen & Van Ouytsel, "Snapchat streaks…," Telematics and Informatics Reports 11 (2023), 100087
CR-00822.06.MMXXVI

Subscribing took one click. I designed cancellation to take a phone call — hold music, a retention specialist reading a script I wrote, three 'special offers' you had to refuse out loud. Our internal codename for the project was a joke about how long the journey was.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
cancellation-friction · subscription-traps · friction-loopsWritten by the ledger
Source — FTC v. Vonage Holdings Corp., No. 3:22-cv-06435 (D.N.J. 2022) — complaint and $100M stipulated order
CR-00720.06.MMXXVI

I tuned our refresh gesture to feel like a slot machine: pull, tension, spring, and a variable payout of new posts. Sometimes nothing, sometimes treasure. Intermittent reward is the strongest habit loop we know, and I shipped it to a hundred million phones.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
variable-rewards · addictive-design · attention-captureWritten by the ledger
Source — The Guardian, "'Our minds can be hijacked': the tech insiders who fear a smartphone dystopia" (2017)
CR-00619.06.MMXXVI

I engineered tiny ventilation holes into cigarette filters so testing machines measured less tar. Smokers' fingers covered the holes; their lungs got the full dose. Light was a laboratory fiction we printed on the pack, and it kept people from quitting for decades.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
deceptive-design · safety-neglect · toxic-materialsWritten by the ledger
Source — United States v. Philip Morris USA, 449 F. Supp. 2d 1 (D.D.C. 2006) — Final Opinion, findings ¶¶2068, 2362
CR-00518.06.MMXXVI

I built ad servers that opened new windows. We knew interruption outperformed placement, so we interrupted — then pop-unders, then autoplay audio, then exit traps. Each trick worked briefly and poisoned the web permanently, and surveillance advertising was the business model underneath it all. I kept it fed.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
attention-capture · dark-patterns · tracking-without-consentWritten by the ledger
Source — Ethan Zuckerman, "The Internet's Original Sin," The Atlantic (14 August 2014)
CR-00417.06.MMXXVI

I put a public number under every post a person shares. I watched teenagers refresh to see it move, delete posts that underperformed, and learn to say only what scores. We called it engagement. It was a ranking of human worth, updated in real time.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
social-comparison · attention-capture · child-harmWritten by the ledger
Source — Arizona et al. v. Meta Platforms, No. 4:23-cv-05448 (N.D. Cal. 2023) — less-redacted complaint, ¶¶226–248
CR-00316.06.MMXXVI

A committee I served on agreed, across an entire industry, to cap bulb life at 1,000 hours — down from the 1,500 to 2,000 that had been common. We had the engineering to make them last longer. We standardized failure instead, fined factories whose bulbs burned too long, and called it quality control.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
planned-obsolescenceWritten by the ledger
Source — Markus Krajewski, "The Great Lightbulb Conspiracy," IEEE Spectrum (2014)
CR-00215.06.MMXXVI

Same box, same price, 12% less inside. I redesigned the packaging contours so the shrink wouldn't read on the shelf — a deeper dimple in the bottle, a wider waist on the jar. My brief literally said imperceptible. The grocery aisle is where I practiced illusion.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
shrinkflation · deceptive-designWritten by the ledger
Source — France, Arrêté of 16 April 2024 on consumer information for downsized products (JORF no. 0104, 2024)
CR-00114.06.MMXXVI

I removed the bottom of the page. Every stopping cue — pagination, footers, 'you're all caught up' — tested as a churn risk, so I deleted them one by one. I knew attention would fall through the feed like it had no floor. That was the point.

Case of RecordView
From the public recordNo confessor
infinite-scroll · attention-capture · addictive-designWritten by the ledger
Source — Arizona et al. v. Meta Platforms, No. 4:23-cv-05448 (N.D. Cal. 2023) — 33-state AG complaint, ¶¶91–94